Codeforces 123E Maze(树形DP+期望)

forever97 posted @ 2016年10月20日 00:05 in 算法-树形DP with tags 树形DP 期望 , 1207 阅读

 

【题目链接】 http://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/123/E

 

【题目大意】

     给出一棵,给出从每个点出发的概率和以每个点为终点的概率,求出每次按照dfs序从起点到达终点的期望。

 

【题解】

    首先对于期望计算有X(x,y)=X(x)*X(y),所以对于每次dfs寻路只要求出其起点到终点的期望步数,乘上起点的概率和终点的概率即可。对于一个固定起点和终点的dfs寻路,我们可以发现如果一个点在必要路径上,那么这条路被走过的期望一定为1,如果不在必要路线上,那么走过的次数为0或者2,期望也为1,那么就是和x相连且在x到达y之前能到达的点连成的连通块大小减一就是x到y的dfs寻路期望长度。

    为更方便地处理问题,首先我们将无根树转化为有根树,我们发现如果起点是终点的子节点,那么连通块的大小均为size[终点],如果不是,则连通块的大小一定为n-size[终点]+1,所以我们可以用树形DP,来统计这些信息,同时在访问每个节点的时候计算。

 

【代码】

#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
const int N=300000;
int st[N],en[N],n,x,y,size[N];
double ans=0,sst,sen;
vector<int> v[N];
void dfs(int x,int fx){
	  size[x]=1;
	  for(int i=0;i<v[x].size();i++){
	      if(v[x][i]!=fx){
	        	dfs(v[x][i],x);
	    	    size[x]+=size[v[x][i]];
	    	    st[x]+=st[v[x][i]];
	    	    ans+=1.0*st[v[x][i]]*size[v[x][i]]*en[x];
	      }
	  }ans+=(sst-st[x])*(n-size[x])*en[x];
} 
int main(){
	  scanf("%d",&n);
	  for(int i=1;i<n;i++){
		    scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
		    v[x].push_back(y);
		    v[y].push_back(x);
	  }for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		    scanf("%d%d",st+i,en+i);
		    sst+=st[i]; sen+=en[i];
	  }dfs(1,-1);
	  printf("%.11f\n",ans/sst/sen);
	  return 0;
} 
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